by family structure and parental employment: 2002
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The majority of families with children have at least one parent who is employed. In 2002, forty-four percent of families with children had two employed parents either full- or part-time; 25 percent had one employed and one nonemployed parent; and 3 percent had two nonemployed parents. Twenty-one percent of families with children had one employed single parent and 7 percent had one nonemployed single parent.
The distribution of full-time parental employment activity varies by age of youngest child in the household. Among families with a child under age 6, twenty-eight percent had one full-time working parent and one nonworking parent, but only 21 percent had two full-time working parents in 2002. The opposite was true for families with older children in 2002: only 17 percent had one full-time working parent and one nonworking parent, whereas 29 percent of these families had two full-time working parents.
Source: Child Trends' analyses of March 2002 Current Population Survey data.
| Total | Youngest child under 6 | Youngest child ages 6-17 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total(a) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Two Parents in Household | 72.2 | 74.9 | 70.2 |
| Two employed parents | 43.8 | 39.4 | 47.2 |
| Both full-time | 25.5 | 21.1 | 28.8 |
| One full-time, one part-time | 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.4 |
| Both part-time | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| One employed parent, one nonemployed parent | 25.4 | 32.0 | 20.4 |
| Full-time | 21.8 | 27.7 | 17.4 |
| Part-time | 3.6 | 4.3 | 3.1 |
| No employed parent | 3.0 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
| One Parent in Household | 27.8 | 25.1 | 29.8 |
| One employed parent | 20.8 | 17.4 | 23.3 |
| Full-time | 15.8 | 12.6 | 18.2 |
| Part-time | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.1 |
| No employed parent | 7.0 | 7.6 | 6.5 |
| a. Percentages may not add to
100 due to rounding. Note: Estimates of two-parent households include only married couples, and exclude families with unmarried partners. Parents in the armed forces are not considered in the labor force. Among those who were working but not at their jobs the previous week, part-time versus full-time employment was determined using the number of hours that the person usually works each week at his/her main job. Source: Child Trends' analyses of March 2002 Current Population Survey data. |
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In 1997, approximately a third of mothers and fathers reported that they did not have enough time for their family because of their jobs. Mothers who worked full-time were more likely than mothers who worked part-time to report that their jobs interfered with their family life. Thirty-seven percent of mothers employed full-time and 14 percent of mothers employed part-time in 1997 reported that they "often" or "very often" did not have enough time for their families because of their jobs.
Source: Child Trends' analyses of the National Study of the Changing Workforce, 1997.
| Mothers | Fathers | |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 32.2 | 33.1 |
| Employment Status | ||
| Part-time | 14.1 | 47.1 |
| Full-time | 36.6 | 32.9 |
| Marital Status | ||
| Married | 33.1 | 32.0 |
| Non-married | 30.6 | 40.1 |
| a. Parents include respondents
with residential children under the age of 18. b. Job interference with family life corresponds to parents' reports of not having enough time "often" or "very often" for their family because of their jobs. Source: Child Trends' analyses of the National Study of the Changing Workforce, 1997. |
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In 2001, the median total money income for households with a related child under 18 years old was $52,177. Households headed by a married couple with a related child under 18 had a median income of $65,319, while unmarried couple households had a median income of $ 39,886. Households headed by a male with no spouse had a median income of $36,922, and households headed by a female with no spouse had a median income of $25,167.
Note: Unmarried couples may also be included in the categories
of female householder no spouse present, and male householder, no spouse
present, if children of the householder are present.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 2002.
(http://ferret.bls.census.gov/macro/032002/hhinc/new04_000.htm)
| Dollars | |
|---|---|
| Total | $52,177 |
| Race and Hispanic Origin(a) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | $61,707 |
| Black | $32,315 |
| Hispanic | $35,000 |
| Family Structure | |
| Married couple household | $65,319 |
| Unmarried couple household | $39,886 |
| Female householder, no spouse | $25,167 |
| Male householder, no spouse | $36,922 |
| a. Persons of Hispanic origin
may be of any race. Note: Unmarried couples may also be included in the categories of female householder no spouse present, and male householder, no spouse present, if children of the householder are present. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 2002. (http://ferret.bls.census.gov/macro/032002/hhinc/new04_000.htm) |
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In 2001, thirty-nine percent of children from birth through age 6 were cared for solely by a parent, while 61 percent participated in some sort of nonparental care. Children under 3 years of age were more likely to be in parental care only than children ages 3 to 6 years (48 percent compared to 26 percent). The type of care arrangement chosen also is related to the child's age. While similar percentages of 0-2 year olds and 3-6 year olds were cared for in a home by a relative (23 and 22 percent, respectively) or a nonrelative (18 and 14 percent, respectively), much higher percentages of 3-6 than 0-2 year olds participated in center-based programs (56 percent compared with 17 percent).
Note: Some children participate in more than one type of
arrangement, so the sum of all arrangement types exceeds the total percentage
in nonparental care.
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National
Household Education Surveys Program, 2001. As reported in Federal Interagency
Forum on Child and Family Statistics. (2003). America's children: Key
national indicators of well-being, 2003. Washington, DC: Author.
| Parental care only | Total in nonparental care(a) | Care in a home(b) | Center-based program(c) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| By a relative | By a nonrelative | ||||
| Total | 39 | 61 | 23 | 16 | 34 |
| Age/Grade in School | |||||
| 0-2 | 48 | 52 | 23 | 18 | 17 |
| 3-6, not yet in kindergarten | 26 | 74 | 22 | 14 | 56 |
| Poverty Status | |||||
| Below poverty | 46 | 54 | 26 | 10 | 27 |
| At or above poverty | 37 | 63 | 22 | 18 | 35 |
| Mother's Highest Level of Education (d) | |||||
| Less than high school | 56 | 44 | 21 | 9 | 21 |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 43 | 58 | 26 | 14 | 28 |
| Some college(e) | 37 | 64 | 25 | 16 | 36 |
| College graduate | 32 | 69 | 17 | 23 | 42 |
| a. Some children participate
in more than one type of nonparental care arrangement. Thus, detailed percentages
do not sum to the total percentage of children in nonparental care. b. Relative and nonrelative care can take place in either the child's own home or another home. c. Center-based programs include day care centers, prekindergartens, nursery schools, Head Start programs, and other early childhood education programs. d. Those few children without a mother in the home are excluded from estimates of mother's highest level of education. e. Some college includes vocational or technical school after high school, as well as college attendance. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program, 2001. As reported in Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. (2003). America's children: Key national indicators of well-being, 2003. Washington, DC: Author. |
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